What is the biological basis of depression according to the biological perspective?

The biological perspective on depression emphasizes the role of physiological and genetic factors in the onset and maintenance of the disorder. The correct answer highlights that depression is linked to chemical imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain. These imbalances can affect mood regulation and lead to depressive symptoms.

Additionally, genetic predispositions contribute significantly as certain individuals may inherit a vulnerability towards depression, making them more susceptible when faced with stressors or other triggers. Twin and family studies often support this notion, showing that depression can run in families, which suggests a biological component.

In contrast, the other explanations provided focus on psychological, social, or trauma-related factors. While these aspects can certainly influence the experience of depression, they are not the primary focus of the biological perspective. The biological viewpoint seeks to understand depression through a lens that prioritizes the physical and genetic aspects rather than solely environmental or psychological influences, thus solidifying option B as the most aligned with this perspective.