Which research method focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis?

Quantitative research is characterized by its emphasis on numerical data and the application of statistical analysis to understand patterns, relationships, and trends in the data. This approach allows researchers to systematically collect and measure variables, enabling them to derive conclusively reliable results that can often be generalized to larger populations.

The focus on quantification is central to this method, as it involves using tools like surveys, experiments, and mathematical models to gather information in a form that can be statistically analyzed. This manipulation of data allows for comparisons across different groups or conditions and provides a clear framework for making predictions based on observed data.

In contrast, qualitative research prioritizes understanding subjective experiences and the meanings individuals attach to them, often relying on descriptive data rather than numerical values. Observational research may include both qualitative and quantitative elements but primarily involves studying behavior in natural settings. Case study research typically delves deeply into an individual or small group, focusing on detailed descriptions rather than quantifiable metrics. Thus, the distinguishing feature of quantitative research is its structured and statistical orientation towards numerical data.