Which variable was not part of the independent variables in the Piliavin study?

In the Piliavin study, the independent variables were specifically selected to examine how various factors influenced bystander behavior during an emergency situation. The key independent variables included the type of victim (whether they were ill or drunk), the race of the victim (Black or White), and the size of the bystander group (how many people were present during the incident).

The age of bystanders was not manipulated or specifically varied as an independent variable in this study. While bystander age could certainly impact their reactions or willingness to help, it was not a factor that the researchers controlled or explored in their design. The focus was more on the immediate characteristics of the victims and the context of the situation rather than the demographics of the bystanders, such as their age. Therefore, identifying age as not being an independent variable aligns with the study's primary objectives and methodology.